Treat Your Feet
Active living can be hard on your feet. Here's what you need to know to keep them healthy and happy.
If you have diabetes, there's no reason you can't enjoy sports and fun. But just remember: High blood sugar is a condition that goes all the way down to your toes.
Although special foot care might seem like a luxury, not giving your feet the attention they deserve could put you at risk of circulation problems and serious infections. Fortunately, taking care of your feet can be simple with a few smart tips.
Put your feet up for a daily inspection. Check for cuts, blisters, redness, sores, swelling, nail problems, or loss of sensation. Report any of these danger signs to your health care provider right away. Can't see or bend well? A partner or magnifying mirror can help.
Wash daily with lukewarm water. Then pat feet dry thoroughly—especially between your toes (where moisture could encourage infection).
Soften up. Use a moisturizer daily to keep dry skin from itching or cracking. To prevent fungal infection, avoid applying moisturizer between the toes.
Don't sweat it. Keep the skin between your toes dry with talcum powder or cornstarch.
Be nice to your nails. Cut them straight across (but not too short) and smooth the edges with a file.
Take care with corns and calluses. Never trim or use chemical removers—let your doctor treat them. Ask whether rubbing gently with a pumice stone could help.
Know your size. Foot size can change. The next time you purchase shoes, start by getting sized. But still try on each pair you're considering—sizes can vary from brand to brand. To get the best fit, shop toward the end of the day; feet swell as the day goes on.
Select smart shoes. Pointed toes and high heels can put pressure on your toes. Look for wider "toe boxes," and think leather over synthetic when possible, as natural materials allow feet to breathe more easily. Don't let anyone convince you that uncomfortable shoes need "breaking in"; the shoes should feel good in the store. Once you're home, though, plan to wear new shoes for short periods at first to give your feet time to adjust.
Seek specialized footwear. If you can't find foot comfort, ask your health care provider about special therapeutic shoes or inserts. Medicare and other insurance plans may help with the cost.
Pay attention to socks. Avoid tight elastic bands that can reduce circulation. The latest cotton/wool blends provide the ability to draw moisture away from the skin surface and into the sock fabric. Some retailers now offer special diabetic socks made without the seams that can irritate. Resist the temptation to throw on shoes without socks or nylons; you will not only turn the inside of your shoe into a steam bath but also run the risk of rubbing the exposed skin of your feet against the inside of your shoes.
Watch out for special warm-weather risks. If you've lost any amount of feeling in your feet, hot surfaces—from sand to sidewalks—can literally burn your feet before you know it. Always wear shoes—preferably not sandals, whose open design can allow small objects to sneak in under your soles and cause cuts and bruises. Keep your feet covered in the water, too—sand, shells, and even rough pool surfaces can put your feet at risk.
Clear out clutter. It's not always easy to feel whether there is something in your shoe, especially if you have nerve damage. So make it a habit to shake out your shoes before you put them on to get rid of any pebbles or other debris. Make sure the lining is smooth.
Don't go bare until you're in bed. Socks, shoes, and slippers protect your feet from possible cuts or scrapes. Even in bed, you may want to wear socks if your feet tend to get cold. Keep a pair of slippers right by your bed so you can put them on before your feet even hit the floor.
Go for the flow. Some habits for healthy blood flow to your feet: Wiggle your toes and circle your ankles a few times a day. Put your feet up when sitting. Avoid crossing your legs for long periods of time. And don't smoke.
Get a professional check. A health care provider should perform a complete foot exam at least once a year.
Diabetes and Your Feet
Foot problems most often happen when there is nerve damage (neuropathy), which results in loss of feeling in your feet. Losing even a small amount of sensitivity in your feet means you may not know when real trouble is brewing. Poor blood flow is another common problem that may make it hard for sores or infections to heal.
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